In the maintenance of Earth’s ecological balance and mitigation of climate change, blue carbon ecosystems (BCECO) play a crucial role. As one of the major carbon sinks on the Earth’s surface, BCECOs absorb a significant amount of carbon dioxide and store it in marine organisms and seabed sediments, effectively slowing the trend of global warming. Although about 83% of the global carbon cycle occurs in the oceans, BCECOs such as mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrass beds, which cover less than 0.5% of the seabed area, account for over 50% of the carbon storage in marine sediments, making them one of the highest density carbon sinks on Earth. At the same time, the carbon sequestration capacity of BCECOs is much greater than that of terrestrial carbon pools per unit area. In addition, BCECOs, as hotspots of interaction between land and ocean, have significant scientific, social, economic, and ecological benefits. However, once BCECOs are damaged, the long-term stored carbon will be released into the atmosphere and oceans, becoming a source of greenhouse gases. Due to the complexity and fragility of BCECOs, there are still many unresolved issues regarding their carbon sink contributions. The main problems lie in the uncertainty of blue carbon storage, the lack of clarity in the lateral carbon exchange processes between ecosystems and adjacent waters, and the inconsistency in estimating methods for underground biomass and sedimentary blue carbon. The observation technologies and objects are not only different from those of terrestrial and marine ecosystems but also face multiple pressures from both land and sea. Therefore, there is an urgent need to continuously carry out research on carbon sink functions and mechanisms, carbon sink assessment, ways and technologies to enhance carbon sequestration, and intelligent monitoring of carbon sinks. This conference will focus on interdisciplinary achievements and technical exchanges related to carbon resources, carbon processes, and carbon management in BCECOs, providing scientific and technological support to improve the accuracy of BCECO carbon sink value assessments and reduce uncertainties.